Resurrecting Creditor Adjustment

LONDON – With all the protectionist talk coming from US President Donald Trump’s administration, it is surprising that no one has mentioned, much less sought to invoke, an obvious tool for addressing persistent external imbalances: the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement’s “scarce-currency clause.” That clause, contained in Article 7 of the agreement, authorizes countries, “after consultation … Continue reading Resurrecting Creditor Adjustment

Germany’s Hour

LONDON – Who runs the European Union? On the eve of Germany’s general election, that is a very timely question. One standard reply is, “The EU’s member states” – all 28 of them. Another is, “The European Commission.” But Paul Lever, a former British ambassador to Germany, offers a more pointed answer: Berlin Rules is the title … Continue reading Germany’s Hour

“Never explain, never apologise”: a review of David Kynaston’s history of the Bank of England

David Kynaston's Till Time's Last Sand reveals how the Bank's relationship with government—from the gold standard to the Crash—have shaped the nation's economy since 1694 David Kynaston is a wonderful social historian, with three massive volumes on post-war Britain and many others to his name. He has been a leading practitioner of “history from below,” … Continue reading “Never explain, never apologise”: a review of David Kynaston’s history of the Bank of England

Stylised Facts

Published in Acta Oeconomica, Vol. 67 (S), pp. 31–35 (2017) I don’t want to say too much about Nicky Kaldor’s actual stylised facts, but about the methodological implication of the stylised facts approach. Paul Samuelson famously said, “those who can do economics, do it; those who can’t, babble about methodology”. Kaldor could certainly do economics, … Continue reading Stylised Facts

A Trip Through Putin Country

VLADIVOSTOK – Russia’s Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) railway “can be hardly named as a popular tourist attraction,” says one tourist website of the some 2,000-mile railway traversing Eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East. “Most people even never [sic] heard of it.” The BAM’s older rival, the Trans-Siberian Railway, is certainly more popular. Since opening in … Continue reading A Trip Through Putin Country

How would Keynes have analysed the Great Recession of 2008 and 2009? 

Published in Money in the Great Recession: Did a Crash in Money Growth Cause the Global Slump? [Ed. Tim Congdon] In recent years some monetary economists have voiced scepticism about aspects of the Keynesian revolution, particularly the importance of the 1936 General Theory relative to Keynes’ entire corpus.1 These sceptics have performed a valuable service by … Continue reading How would Keynes have analysed the Great Recession of 2008 and 2009?